Racism that operates at an oblivious or subtle level.

Route used for forced removal of certain Native American nations (North American Indigenous) from the southeastern United States to lands west of the Mississippi River. See also Indian Removal Act.

View that a racial minority group should separate itself from mainstream society and pursue its own interests primarily.

View that racial progress is sporadic and that people of color are doomed to experience only infrequent peaks followed by regressions.

Right or advantage, often unwritten, conferred on some people but not others, usually without examination or good reason.

The condition of being beyond race; an era when race no longer matters, and individuals are no longer assessed by such.

Crossing the color line and gaining acceptance into a race other than one’s original one.

Rule of hypodescent, that any person with discernible black ancestry (one drop of African blood) is black and can never be white

Small encounter with racism, usually unnoticed by members of the majority race, but one in which the cumulative impacts of microaggressions take an emotional toll on a person.

Political philosophy that holds the purpose of government is to maximize liberty; in civil rights, the view that law should enforce formal equality in treatment of all citizens.

The fear and targeting of people perceived to be Muslim. It has often resulted in violence enacted against Muslim people or anyone perceived to be Muslim.

A goal of anti-racism work is to create systems that are inclusive and/or that have inclusion as a primary value. See equity.

Political and economic domination of one nation or group over another. Implicit bias: Unconscious association of one idea with another, such as race and personal qualities, frequently evincing a negative attitude.

Racial slurs and epithets or other harsh language that has no purpose other than to demean and marginalize other people or groups.

Practice of collective indifference towards the processes of overall eradication to the identity, history, stories, and culture of a group, rendering them invisible.

Preferred description for people who endured/suffered under chattel slavery rather than “slave”—enslavement is a condition not an identity.

Notion attributed to W. E. B. Du Bois that black folks are able to see racialized events and structuring from two perspectives—that of the majority group and their own—at the same time.

The practice of using the former name of a transgender person—the name they were given at birth rather than the name they have chosen for themselves.

A belief that one should treat all persons equally, without regard to their race.

European effort to maintain control of weaker nations made palpable by language eradication, land dispossession, and governing hegemony; the United States followed a similar policy in the Philippines, the Caribbean, Latin America, and importantly North America’s Indigenous.